Lecture - Biomedical Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kogakuin University

Biomedical Engineering Laboratory
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Every subject includes basic engineering and application to biotechnology & medical engineering, simultaneously.


1) Collaboration with Medical University including the research project "Medical Engineering Research Center" develops interdisciplinary study courses between Biology, Medicine and Engineering.


3) Subjects also include Basic Engineering (mechanics, electronics, material science) for industry.


PhD Courses

Special Reserch on Biomedical Engineering


Master Courses

Advanced Course on Biomechanics (Special Lecture in Mahidol University Thailand)

Consideration on mechanics mainly in the circulatory system.
Application to design of artificial organs.


1. Interdisciplinary field of study, Biomeasurement, Bioelectronics
2. Biomaterials (Hemolysis)
3. Biorheology (Blood circulation)
4. Transport phenomenon, Biochemical Engineering (Oxygenator, Dialyzer)
5. Biomechanics, Biotribology (Joint prosthesis), Cellular mechanics

　　　　　　　　　　　　

Literature Research for Thesis


Special Research for Thesis


Bachelor Courses (Under Graduate)

(Core Courses)

Seminar for Mechanical Engineering

Experiments on Mechanical Engineering


Biomedical Engineering Seminar

Bachelor Thesis


Bio-mechanics


(Common Courses)

Internship



TEXTBOOK "Introduction to Biomechanical Engineering"


Title of the book "Introduction to Biomechanical Engineering (original text in Japanese)"
Author: Shigehiro Hashimoto
Published on 17th May 2013 by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan.
ISBN978-4-339-07234-1
Copyright: Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013

Preface

The lecture is introduction for students, who are interested in biological and medical equipment, to learn basic mechanical engineering. The lecture is also introduction for students, who are studying engineering, to learn application of engineering to biological and medical equipment.

The lecture is trying to analyze human body in comparison with the machine, to consider cooperation between an organ and a machine in relation to medical devices for human, to study basic mechanical engineering to analyze a living body.

In recent years, several devices like artificial organs have been developed to substitute biological organs. To design the artificial organs, the biological function should be defined. In addition, quantitative specification is necessary for design of machine. The quantitative information about function of organs, however, is not enough for design of artificial organs. Data on normal organs are not enough compared with those on injured organs. Trial of the artificial organ helps analysis of biological function. The biological system may inspire an idea for the new machine.

In modern medical practice, various devices have been introduced. If you do not understand both the characteristics of devices and that of organs at the same time, however, there is a risk that devices are not properly used to the living body. Considering co-cooperation between devices and organs improves the devices to be applied to the living body.

The knowledge of mechanical engineering is available not only for the medical instrumentation, but also for biological understanding. The lecture may introduce readers to advanced learning for physiology and mechanical engineering.



Chapter1.pdf

Chapter2.pdf

Chapter3.pdf

Chapter4.pdf

Chapter5.pdf

Chapter6.pdf

Chapter7.pdf


preface.pdf

contents.pdf

references.pdf


Chapter1fig.pdf

Chapter2fig.pdf

Chapter3fig.pdf

Chapter4fig.pdf

Chapter5fig.pdf

Chapter6fig.pdf

Chapter7fig.pdf


Contents
Chap. 1: Organism and Machine
1.1 Character of organism and machine
1.2 Interdisciplinary field of study

Chap. 2: Unit and Measurement
2.1 Unit and significant digit
2.1.1 Unit
2.1.2 Significant digit

2.2 Measurement
2.2.1 Resolution
2.2.2 Measurement system
2.2.3 Alternating component
2.2.4 Non-invasive
2.2.5 Non-linear and equilibrium
2.2.6 Noise and statistics

Chap. 3: Materials
3.1 Deformation
3.1.1 Classification of deformation
3.1.2 Cutting and fixation of specimen
3.1.3 Setting of origin and range of measurement
3.1.4 Stress-strain diagram
3.1.5 Elastic region and plastic region
3.1.6 Sphere
3.1.7 Bending

3.2 Properties and Destruction of Material
3.2.1 Fatigue fracture
3.2.2 Crystal and lattice defect
3.2.3 Stress concentration
3.2.4 Composite material and environment

Chap. 4: Flow
4.1 Fluid and solid
4.1.1 Fluid and pressure
4.1.2 Elasticity and viscosity
4.1.3 Viscoelasticity

4.2 Resistance of flow and distribution of velocity
4.2.1 Resistance of flow
4.2.2 Hagen-Poiseuille Flow
4.2.3 Requirement for Hagen-Poiseuille Flow
4.2.4 Couette Flow
4.2.5 Flow between parallel walls
4.2.6 Secondary flow

4.3 Steady flow and non-steady flow
4.3.1 Pulsatile flow
4.3.2 Laminar flow and turbulent flow

Chap. 5: Energy
5.1 State of substance
5.1.1 Temperature
5.1.2 Hydrogen ion concentration index
5.1.3 Heat
5.1.4 Phase transformation

5.2 Energy conversion
5.2.1 Form of energy
5.2.2 Conversion efficiency

5.3 Substance transportation
5.3.1 Permeability through membrane
5.3.2 Osmotic pressure

Chap. 6: Movement
6.1 Balance among forces and control of movement
6.1.1 Balance among forces
6.1.2 Description of movement

6.2 Lubrication and wear
6.2.1 Machine elements and systems
6.2.2 Coefficient of friction
6.2.3 Contact
6.2.4 Surface tension and hydrophilic property
6.2.5 Wear
6.2.6 Lubrication

Chap. 7: Designing and Machining
7.1 Design
7.1.1 Specifications
7.1.2 Draft
7.1.3 Surface roughness

7.2 Machining
7.2.1 Type of machining
7.2.2 Finishing and biological reaction
7.2.3 Assembly

References

1) S. Hashimoto: “Cross-cultural communication training for students in multidisciplinary research area of biomedical engineering”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 12, 5, pp. 43-48 (2014).
2) S. Hashimoto: “Role of bridge-curriculum for multidisciplinary courses: application to biomedical engineering”, Journal of Communication and Computer, 8, 12, pp. 1117-1122 (2011).
3) S. Hashimoto: “Introduction to Biomedical Measurement Engineering”, Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. (2000). In Japanese
4) S. Hashimoto: “JSME Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook, β8 Bioengineering，Chap 5, Section 3, Biomeasurement”, pp. 191-200, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (2007). In Japanese
5) S. Hashimoto: “JSME Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook, β5 Measurement Engineering, Chap 5, Section 6.4, Bioengineering”, pp. 109-113, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (2007). In Japanese
6) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Wave-form analysis of electrocardiograph with spectrum for screening test”, Proc. 4th World Congress of Biomechanics, CD-ROM, (2002).
7) S. Hashimoto and H. Otani: “Measurement of mechatronic property of biological gel with micro-vibrating electrode at ultrasonic frequency”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 6, 5, pp. 93-98 (2008).
8) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Measurement of cell distribution in organs with Lissajous of impedance”, Proc. 5th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 10, pp. 443-447 (2001).
9) K. Matsuyoshi, et al.: “Optical measurement system for pH in medium around contracting myotubes in vitro”, Proc. 14th World Multi-Conference on Systemics Cybernetics and Informatics, 2, pp. 275-279 (2010).
10) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Measurement of cyclic micro-deformation of arterial wall with pulsatile flow”, Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging, 3, 1, pp. 456-463 (2002).
11) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Measurement of periodical contraction of cultured muscle tube with laser”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 7, 3, pp. 51-55 (2009).
12) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Measurement system for body temperature during transition period of hibernating animal”, Proc. 8th World Multiconference on Systemics Cybernetics and Informatics, 7, pp.156-159 (2004).
13) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Application of inductively coupled wireless radio frequency probe to knee joint in magnetic resonance image”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 7, 5, pp. 6-10 (2009).
14) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Responses of cells to flow in vitro”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 11, 5, pp. 20-27 (2013).
15) S. Hashimoto: “Erythrocyte destruction under periodically fluctuating shear rate; comparative study with constant shear rate”, Artificial Organs, 13, pp. 458-463 (1989).
16) S. Hashimoto and M. Okada: “Orientation of cells cultured in vortex flow with swinging plate in vitro”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 9, 3, pp. 1-7 (2011).
17) S. Hashimoto and Tianyuan WANG: “Measurement of pressure between upper airway tract and laryngoscope blade during orotracheal intubation with film of microcapsules”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 12, 2, pp. 81-85 (2014).
18) T. Sahara, et al.: “Radio frequency probe for improvement of signal to noise ratio in magnetic resonance image with inductively coupled wireless coil”, Proc. 12th World Multi-Conference on Systemics Cybernetics and Informatics, 2, pp. 115-119 (2008).
19) T. Iwagawa, et al.: “Effect of electric stimulation on penetration of molecules into agarose gel”, Proc. 14th World Multi-Conference on Systemics Cybernetics and Informatics, 2, pp. 255-260 (2010).
20) S. Hashimoto and N. Kawano: “A newly designed flow-regulating device in shunt therapy of hydrocephalus”, Artificial Organs, 13, 5, pp. 483-485 (1989).
21) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Design of venous cannula entrance for pulsatile pump considering collapse of vessels”, Artificial Organs, 12, 1, pp. 245-248 (1983).
22) National Institute of Natural Sciences, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan: Chronological Scientific Tables, p. 444, p458, Maruzen Publishing CO., Ltd (1996).
23) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Measurement of mechatronic property of blood during coagulation with micro-vibrating electrode”, Proc. 10th World Multiconference on Systemics Cybernetics and Informatics, 4, pp. 177-180 (2006).
24) S. Hashimoto: “Introduction to Biosystems Engineering”, Tokyo Denki University Press (1996). In Japanese
25) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Effect of shear rate on clot growth at foreign surfaces”, Artificial Organs, 9, 4, pp. 345-350 (1985)
26) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Effect of aging on deformability of erythrocytes in shear flow”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 3, 1, pp. 90-93 (2005).
27) F. Sato, et al.: “Responses of cells to fluid shear stress in vitro”, Proc. 16th World Multi-Conference on Systemics Cybernetics and Informatics, 2, pp. 97-102 (2012).
28) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Design of flow path of centrifugal pump for prevention of clot growth”, Artificial Organs, 17, 3, pp. 879-882 (1988).
29) S. Hashimoto: “Clot growth under periodically fluctuating shear rate”, Biorheology, 31, pp. 521-532 (1994).
30) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Effect of pulsatile shear flow on migration of endothelial cells cultured on tube”, Proc. 6th World Multiconference on Systemics Cybernetics and Informatics, 2, pp. 296-300 (2002).
31) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Clot formation in artificial heart”, Kitasato Medicine，17, 2, pp. 87-91 (1987).
32) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Effect of magnetic field on adhesion of muscle cells to culture plate“, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 11, 4, pp. 7-12 (2013).
33) Y. Sakatani, et al.: “Effect of static magnetic field on muscle cells in vitro”, Proc. 14th World Multi-Conference on Systemics Cybernetics and Informatics, 2, pp. 280-284 (2010).
34) C. Miyamoto, et al.: “Effect of magnetic field at low frequency on cells arrangement”, Proc. 7th World Multiconference on Systemics Cybernetics and Informatics, 8, pp. 62-66 (2003).
35) S. Hashimoto, et al., “Effect of pulsatile electric field on cultured muscle cells in vitro”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 10, 1, pp. 1-6 (2012).
36) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “A newly designed pneumatic-pulse-pump-membrane oxygenator”, Artificial Organs, 14, S1, pp. 181-185 (1990).
37) S. Hashimoto and H. Moriya: “Effect of right ventricular bypass peak flow-rate on intrapulmonary shunt ratio”, Artificial Organs, 12, 1, pp. 67-77 (1988).
38) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Flow control by piston-bellows type of artificial heart”, Kitasato Medicine, 15, 4, pp. 245-249 (1985).
39) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Hemolysis in artificial heart”, Kitasato Medicine, 17, 5, pp. 415-419 (1987).
40) S. Motoda, et al.: “Effect of excess gravitational force on cultured myotubes in vitro”, Proc. 15th World Multi-Conference on Systemics Cybernetics and Informatics, 2, pp. 118-123 (2011).
41) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Application of quartz crystal oscillator to atmospheric molecule sensor”, Proc. International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering, 3, 1, pp. 304-305 (2002).
42) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Flow pattern of piston-bellows type of artificial heart”, Artificial Organs, 10, 6, pp. 1229-1232 (1981).
43) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Effect of segmented polyurethane coating on thrombus regulated with pulsatile shear flow”, Proc. 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, CD-ROM, 4 pages (2001).
44) S. Hashimoto: “Wear of heart valve prosthesis”, Japanese Journal of Tribology, 35, 12, pp. 1367-1373 (1990).
45) S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Simulation of cell group formation regulated by coordination number, cell cycle and duplication frequency”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 11, 4, pp. 29-33 (2013).
46) H. Hino, S. Hashimoto, and F. Sato: “Effect of micro ridges on orientation of cultured cell”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 12, 3, pp. 47-53 (2014).
47) S. Hashimoto: “Detect of sublethal damage with cyclic deformation of erythrocyte in shear flow”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 12, 3, pp. 41-46 (2014).
48) Y. Takahashi, S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Micro groove for trapping of flowing cell”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 13, 3, pp. 1-8 (2015).
49) H. Hino, S. Hashimoto, et al.: “Behavior of cell on vibrating micro ridges”, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 13, 3, pp. 9-16 (2015).

Answers to Questions

Index

Report:
Design a new device, which acts as a part of the human body. Describe the specifications, including original drawings and numerical description within one page of A4 paper. The description includes following items: problem to be solved, devised methods, background, reference, expected results and contribution to the society. Write the student number and name at the top of the page. Write references at the end of the page. If the reference is Uniform Resource Locator (URL), reference date should be written. Send the report as an attachment to an e-mail in PDF format until the end of February 2021.

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